Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• ), pure pine dendritic BiVO4 (Figure 20c), and the BiVO4/rGO hybrid structure (Figure 20d). The hybrid material was used for the detection of triethylamine (TEA) gas. A detection of 10 ppm TEA with the highest response (5.91) was achieved with the hybrid composition of BiVO4 and rGO at 180 °C working

• temperature, in comparison to pure BiVO4 (1.2) and other compositions of BiVO4 and rGO at different temperatures (80–200 °C). The outstanding enhancement in the response of the hybrid material with quick response and recovery times was attributed to the formation of p–n heterojunctions between rGO nanosheets

• and dendritic BiVO4, the increased surface area of dendritic structures, as well as conductivity and acceleration of electrons between gas molecules and hybrid material. Figure 20e shows responses of pure BiVO4 and BiVO4/rGO hybrids towards 10 ppm TEA with different rGO mass ratios at different

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• observed with super-aligned carbon nanotubes (SACNT) decorated with AuNP (2 nm) [46]. The hybrid material was employed as a current-spreading layer in AlGaInP LED. At a current injection of 2 mA, a decrease in the forward voltage from 2.18 (without SACNT) to 2.03 V (with Au-coated SACNT) was noted. A

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• Abstract Cost-efficiency, durability, and reliability of catalysts, as well as their operational lifetime, are the main challenges in chemical energy conversion. Here, we present a novel, one-step approach for the synthesis of Pt/C hybrid material by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD). The

• platinum loading, degree of oxidation, and the very narrow particle size distribution are precisely adjusted in the Pt/C hybrid material due to the simultaneous deposition of platinum and carbon during the process. The as-synthesized Pt/C hybrid materials are promising electrocatalysts for use in fuel cell

• provide not only a high surface area but also a decent electrical conductance, thus acting as an ideal support material for electrocatalysis [18][19]. The route for the simultaneous growth of both the Pt precipitates and the carbon matrix (CNWs), which merge to form the catalytic hybrid material, is

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• layered compounds, emerges as a very promising approach to a new form of growth regulator application. Thus, the presented work had three aims: (i) the synthesis and characterization of an organic–inorganic hybrid material containing a layered double hydroxide (LDH) of zinc and aluminum and the synthetic

• , fresh root matter and shoot length of plants. Thus, films produced from a mixture of alginate and the hybrid material containing the growth regulator intercalated into LDH can be a viable alternative to enhance plant development, which can be included in seed management. Keywords: bioassays

• in the UV–vis region (37.1%) and the Zn/Al molar ratio of 2, the following formula is proposed for the hybrid material: Zn2Al(OH)6](NAA)·3H2O (calculated: 37.1% of NAA; 10.8% of H2O). The morphology and porosity of LDHs can change depending on the synthesis method and also on the chemical

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• instruments or medical-grade supplies (such as sheets, tubes, robes) to facilitate their sterilization, thus maintaining a clean and fungi-free environment and preventing the occurrence of nosocomial infections, are farsighted. Experimental Synthesis of a sterile graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid material The few

• -layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid material (FLG-Ce6) was prepared using the method reported by Hernández et al. [36]. All solvents and chemicals were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and graphite were purchased from Frontier Scientific Logan and

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• activity of Ni/CTF-1-600-22, which means that a fraction of 22 wt % Ni is apparently more suitable than the 33 wt % in Ni/CTF-1-600-33. In the literature, Ni(OH)2/graphene oxide showed a significant enhancement of the ORR activity compared to unsupported Ni(OH)2 and graphene oxide alone. The hybrid

• material Ni(OH)2/graphene oxide has an onset potential of −0.17 V vs Ag/AgCl for ORR, which is 80 to 100 mV more positive than the corresponding onset potentials of unsupported Ni(OH)2 (−0.25 V vs Ag/AgCl) and exfoliated graphite oxide sheets (−0.27 V vs Ag/AgCl) [64]. In another study, Ni-N/C (nickel

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• example of a hybrid material in which an indigo derivative is stabilized into magnesium aluminum phyllosilicate. This material, palygorskite, was used to produce beautiful mural paintings that are still shining centuries later [1][2][3]. Since these origins, the field of hybrid materials has developed

• hydrophobicity and lipophilicity. Exfoliated nanosheets of layered calcium phenylphosphonate assisted by solvent were used in “Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers” to promote the mechanical properties and improve the barrier effect for applications such as

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• in a similar fashion as in our paper. Using a Pt-graphene/CNT hybrid material on GC, a mass specific current of 62.02 mA mg−1Pt was found in 1 M methanol solution at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. It should be pointed that MOR measurements in literature are usually performed at scan rates of 50 or 100 mV

• hybrid material on carbon cloth (101.52 mA mg−1Pt), and the Pt-surface specific peak current was two times higher than that of Pt-graphene/CNT on carbon cloth (0.34 mA cm−2Pt) reported previously [79], indicating that the introduction of secondary CNTs may provide a similar or superior beneficial effect

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• ][33][34]. This type of hybrid material offers the advantage of a large interface improving the contact efficiency between the entrapped active molecules and the external environment allowing for the development of promising devices for biosensing [35][36] and enzymatic biofuel cells (EBCs) [37][38

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• . For all these reasons, we have studied the development of a rare-earth-free LED device by considering the use of stabilized synthetic organic dyes in an inorganic solid matrix to form a luminescent hybrid material. Some of these hybrid materials consist of a layered inorganic matrix, the role of which

• excitation wavelength for each wet luminescent hybrid material (WLHM) and white-emitting hybrid phosphor film (WEHP). Thus, we have the value of QYab for a given excitation wavelength, in our case the one of the blue LED (450 nm). It can be seen that the organic dyes begin to be excited significantly at an

• luminescent hybrid material. The dry extract of the prepared Zn-SLH was evaluated at 16 wt %. Preparation of wet luminescent hybrid materials (WLHM) DCM and HPTS-containing Zn-SLH were prepared separately by impregnation before mixing the appropriate amount of each compound in the silicon film precursor in

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• hydrophobic molecules on pulp was carefully controlled as the adhesion was steered by self-directed –COOH…OH hydrogen bonding. This SA-LDH-CEL hybrid material offered super-hydrophobicity. We have decided to extend this research using another environmentally friendly natural fatty acid, namely abietic acid

• study in which birch (unbleached) kraft pulp was used. The commercially acquired pulp fibers were first disintegrated, and further refined mechanically prior to LDH deposition. During LDH preparation, sodium carbonate was used as CO32− source instead of urea. The AA-modified LDH-F hybrid material

• , i.e., a layered double hydroxide (LDH). LDH, self-assembles on cellulose fiber surface through hydrogen bonding on the bottom plane and further directs AA to graft on it via hydrogen bonding but this time on the top plane. Thus, a sandwich composite hybrid material (C-HF) is formed. C-HF materials

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• distributed on the rGO surface within the GCN hybrid material. Among the as-prepared GCN hybrid materials, GCN-5 QDs exhibit excellent CO2 reductive activity for the generation of formaldehyde, HCHO (10.3 mmol h−1 g−1). Therefore, utilization of metal-free carbon-based GCN hybrid materials could be very

• of the photocatalytic product, formaldehyde (HCHO), is monitored spectrophotometrically using the Nash reagent, and also confirmed by gas chromatography. Results and Discussion Material characterization The preparation of g-C3N4 NFs and QDs from nanosheets and the formation of the GCN hybrid material

• by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, which is carried out to study the surface composition and the interactions and valence states of the elements present in the hybrid materials. The full XPS survey spectrum of the GCN-5 hybrid material reveals the presence of C, N and O, while no

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• with the P/Ti ratio, leading to an increase of the specific surface area and a decrease of the pore size of the hybrid samples. For a P/Ti ratio of 0.2, the volume fraction of organic octyl groups exceeds 50%. The hybrid material becomes nonporous and can be described as amorphous TiO2 clusters

• use an excess of metal precursor in order to form a metal oxide–phosphonate hybrid material. There are very few examples of the preparation of such materials by sol–gel methods [15][16], and the texture of these materials has not been reported. Actually, most metal oxide–phosphonate-based porous

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• different metals. Stability and reusability of the adsorbent. Our hybrid material can be reused more than five times without significant loss in adsorption efficiency (Table 4). This can be explained by the high stability of organic groups onto SiNL which was confirmed by TGA, showing no distinct changes in

• capacity values and the affinity for effective adsorption of metal cations under study, our material shows better performance. Conclusion A novel hybrid material based on a silica surface covalently anchored to a new highly chelating β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan receptor was prepared. Interestingly, the best

• ) ions, in addition to a relatively small amount of Cu(II) (43.10 mg·g−1) ions. This material showed the strongest selectivity for Zn(II) (40.8 mg·g−1), followed by Pb(II) (21.28 mg·g−1), Cd(II) (14.4 mg·g−1), and Cu(II) (8.12 mg·g−1) at optimum adsorption conditions. The hybrid material has a high

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• of Ru and C in the deposited film (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1). This is the first demonstration of Ru/C hybrid material generated by laser-induced deposition. Furthermore, this represents the first use of a commercially available precursor in this method, which simplifies the

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• hybrid organic–inorganic interface, which is necessary for directing the macroscopic precipitation of the hybrid material, can form through an interaction between the PEO neutral block and silicic species via the N0/I0 pathway, as in the case of SBA-type materials synthesized under acidic conditions, as

• how a simple synthesis parameter, such as the pH of the reaction medium, which governs not only the extent of the polyion electrostatic complexation but also the silica condensation rate, influences the macrophase separation of the hybrid material and the nature of the mesostructures which are

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggest the formation of several new bonds in the materials upon reaction of the precursors, thus confirming the formation of a new hybrid material. Thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis and elemental analysis confirm the presence of carbonaceous

• to produce hybrid carbon/inorganic adsorbents [19][20]. We have previously described the synthesis and performance of a new hybrid material based on kaolinite and Carica papaya seeds for water treatment [1]. The material has several advantages over conventional processes: (i) it can be made from

• demonstrates that the 2Z-HYCA nanocomposite material is a complex hybrid material containing Si–O, Si–O, Al–O, –OH, –C–N, and C=O. X-ray diffraction analysis Figure 4a shows the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) diagrams of raw kaolinite (RK) and 2Z-HYCA prepared at different temperatures. After heating

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• surface heterogeneity of the ternary nanocomposite is even higher than that of rGO/PANI, probably due to the presence of hexaniobate nanoparticles (nanoscrolls) on the rGO/PANI flakes. For further description of the rGO/PANI/hexNb nanocomposite morphology, Figure 3 presents the AFM image of the hybrid

• material at 3 μm scan size. Figure 3 shows that the particles on the surface of rGO/PANI/hexNb exhibit a scroll-like shape (high aspect ratio), which is very similar to well-described hexNb nanoscrolls [7][37][38]. These results show the interesting hierarchical architecture of the ternary nanocomposite of

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• analysis. This is in agreement with the generally accepted idea that a higher surface-to-volume ratio leads to an enhanced interaction of nanoparticles with the surrounding polymer matrix. To conclude, this organic–inorganic hybrid material on its own is compatible with an epoxy resin and does not require

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• structure with a high surface area to volume ratio. The porous structure promoted the diffusion of gases, improving the reaction of gases with oxygen species on the surface of the hybrid material. The Cu2O–rGO composites exhibited exceptional catalytic activity and acted as high-efficiency catalysts for the

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• particles. After attaching the oxide functional group onto the CNTs, the main properties of CNTs are usually affected. As a result, the performance of the as-prepared hybrid material will be impaired. Therefore, more preparation methods with less impact on the properties of CNTs have to be developed. This

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• an aqueous HAuCl4 solution (10, 5, or 2.5 mg in 50 mL of water) overnight. No additional reducing agent was added to this reaction mixture. After 2 days the surface color changed from yellow to purple, indicating the deposition of AuNPs on the surface. The as-prepared Au/TiO2/silk hybrid material was

• and the pore walls of the hybrid material and are positioned fairly close to each other. The particles have a rather broad size distribution between 4–38 nm, with most particles in the 10–18 nm range (Figure 3). Judging from the TEM images, TS_Au5.0 contains a lower number of AuNPs in spite of the

• ) indicating a higher amount of organic matter in the TS materials than in the corresponding TPS materials. In summary, both types of hybrid material contain of ca. 12% of solvent. The TPS materials contain 20% of organic matter (combined silk and PEO) and the TS materials contain ca. 28% of silk. Consequently

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• , a MoSx/3D-graphene hybrid material as an electrode material enhanced the efficiency of hydrogen-producing in a fuel cell [8]. Mo et al. reported reduced graphene oxide covalently functionalized with L-lysine [9], which could be used for the electrochemical recognition of tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• during chemical lift-off lithography is a scarcely studied hybrid material. We show that these Au–alkanethiolate layers on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are transparent, functional, hybrid interfaces that can be patterned over nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter length scales. Unlike other ultrathin Au

• found to be consistent with molecular dynamics simulations that predicted the removal of no more than 1.5 Au atoms per thiol, thus presenting a monolayer-like structure. Keywords: chemical patterning; hybrid material; monolayer; soft lithography; two-dimensional material; Introduction Chemical lift

• Information File 1), the optical extinction was indistinguishable from the instrument noise in the visible wavelength region. Furthermore, there were no discernable differences in transmission between regions containing the Au monolayers and unmodified PDMS. Therefore, the Au–alkanethiolate hybrid material is